Presenting an issue in a specific way that affects judgment and decision making is known as _____.

The term you are looking for is "framing."

Framing refers to the way information is presented or structured, which can significantly influence an individual's perception, interpretation, and decision-making process. In psychology and behavioral economics, various studies have demonstrated that the way a problem is framed can lead to different judgments, even if the underlying facts remain unchanged. For instance, a medical treatment described as having a "90% survival rate" may be perceived more positively than the same treatment described as having a "10% failure rate," despite both statements conveying the same information. Understanding framing is crucial in various fields, including marketing, public policy, and personal decision-making, as it can affect outcomes significantly based on how choices are presented.