What is Joule’s heating effect? How can it be demonstratedexperimentally? List its four applications in daily life

Joule's heating effect, also known as resistive, ohmic, or Joule heating, is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor produces heat. This effect was first discovered by James Prescott Joule in 1841.

Here's how it can be demonstrated experimentally:

1. Set up a simple electric circuit with a battery, a resistor (like a light bulb), and a switch.
2. Close the switch to allow current to flow through the circuit.
3. After a short time, touch the light bulb. You will notice that it has become hot. This is due to the Joule's heating effect.

Applications of Joule's heating effect in daily life:

1. Electric Bulbs: The filament of an electric bulb heats up due to the Joule's heating effect and emits light.
2. Electric Iron: The coil in an electric iron gets heated up due to the Joule's heating effect, which in turn heats the iron plate to iron clothes.
3. Electric Kettle: The coil in an electric kettle gets heated up due to the Joule's heating effect, which in turn heats the water.
4. Electric Fuse: In an electric fuse, the Joule's heating effect is used to prevent the flow of excessive current. The fuse wire melts due to the heat produced when a large current flows through it, breaking the circuit and preventing potential damage to appliances or fire hazards.