When a student submits all or a portion of an essay they previously submitted to another course or learning institution, the process falls under which of the following? Select one: a. Recycling b. Academic misconduct c. Self-plagiarism d. All of the above

1. Break Down the Problem

   • Identify the action described: A student submits an essay or a portion of it that was previously submitted to another course or institution.

2. Relevant Concepts

   • Recycling: This term generally refers to reusing materials or content. In academic contexts, it can imply reusing one's own work.
   • Academic Misconduct: This is a broad term that includes any form of cheating or dishonest behavior in an academic setting.
   • Self-plagiarism: This occurs when a person reuses their own previously written work without proper citation or acknowledgment, presenting it as new content.

3. Analysis and Detail

   • Recycling: While the term could apply, it is not specific to academic contexts and does not capture the ethical implications.
   • Academic Misconduct: This term is broad and includes self-plagiarism, but it is not specific to the act of reusing one's own work.
   • Self-plagiarism: This term specifically describes the act of submitting one's own previous work as if it were new, which matches the scenario described.

4. Verify and Summarize

   • The action described is most accurately captured by the term "self-plagiarism," as it involves reusing one's own work without acknowledgment in a new academic context.

Final Answer

c. Self-plagiarism