General practice effects in within-subjects experiments includeQuestion 2Answera.boredom.b.fatigue.c.all of these.d.learning.

Break Down the Problem

1. Identify what "general practice effects" are in the context of within-subjects experiments.
2. Analyze the provided answer choices for their relevance to practice effects.

Relevant Concepts

• General practice effects refer to any changes or trends in participants' performance due to repeated exposure to the same task over time. This can include:
  • Learning: Improvement on tasks due to familiarity and practice.
  • Boredom: Decline in performance due to a lack of engagement after repeated trials.
  • Fatigue: Decrease in performance because of physical or mental exhaustion from repeating tasks.

Analysis and Detail

1. Learning: As participants are exposed to the task repeatedly, they may indeed perform better due to increased familiarity and skill, which indicates a positive effect.
2. Boredom: Over time, the repeated nature of tasks can lead to decreased interest, potentially causing a drop in performance, thus representing a negative effect.
3. Fatigue: Continuous repetition can lead to exhaustion, further contributing to declining performance, which also signifies a negative effect.

Since all these factors can distinctly influence the outcomes of within-subjects experiments, they should each be considered.

Verify and Summarize

Thus, all three effects (boredom, fatigue, and learning) play a role in shaping performance during experiments. Therefore, the best choice encompasses all these aspects.

Final Answer

The correct answer is c. all of these.