During a checkpoint operation in a DBMS, the following actions are typically carried out:

1. Write-ahead logging: Before the checkpoint begins, the DBMS ensures that all modifications made to the database since the last checkpoint are recorded in the transaction log. This is done to ensure durability and recoverability of the database.

2. Freeze transactions: The DBMS freezes all active transactions, meaning that no new transactions can start while the checkpoint is in progress. This ensures that the checkpoint captures a consistent state of the database.

3. Write dirty pages: The DBMS writes all modified data pages from the buffer cache to the disk. These modified pages, also known as dirty pages, contain the most recent changes made to the database.

4. Update checkpoint record: The DBMS updates the checkpoint record in the system catalog to indicate the completion of the checkpoint operation. This record helps in determining the starting point for recovery in case of a system failure.

5. Release frozen transactions: Once the checkpoint is complete, the DBMS releases the frozen transactions, allowing new transactions to resume.

6. Resume normal operations: After the checkpoint operation, the DBMS can resume normal database operations, including processing new transactions and handling user queries.

Overall, the checkpoint operation in a DBMS ensures that the database remains in a consistent and recoverable state by flushing modified data pages to disk and updating the checkpoint record.

Question

During a checkpoint operation in a DBMS, the following actions are typically carried out:

1. Write-ahead logging: Before the checkpoint begins, the DBMS ensures that all modifications made to the database since the last checkpoint are recorded in the transaction log. This is done to ensure durability and recoverability of the database.

2. Freeze transactions: The DBMS freezes all active transactions, meaning that no new transactions can start while the checkpoint is in progress. This ensures that the checkpoint captures a consistent state of the database.

3. Write dirty pages: The DBMS writes all modified data pages from the buffer cache to the disk. These modified pages, also known as dirty pages, contain the most recent changes made to the database.

4. Update checkpoint record: The DBMS updates the checkpoint record in the system catalog to indicate the completion of the checkpoint operation. This record helps in determining the starting point for recovery in case of a system failure.

5. Release frozen transactions: Once the checkpoint is complete, the DBMS releases the frozen transactions, allowing new transactions to resume.

6. Resume normal operations: After the checkpoint operation, the DBMS can resume normal database operations, including processing new transactions and handling user queries.

Overall, the checkpoint operation in a DBMS ensures that the database remains in a consistent and recoverable state by flushing modified data pages to disk and updating the checkpoint record.

Knowee AI · Accepted Answer