What is framing error in asynchronous transmission? Explain the reason(s) for havingthis error.

Framing error in asynchronous transmission refers to a situation where the receiver is unable to correctly identify the start and end of a data frame. This error occurs due to various reasons:

1. Incorrect baud rate: Asynchronous transmission relies on a predefined baud rate to synchronize the sender and receiver. If the receiver's baud rate is set incorrectly, it may not be able to accurately detect the start and end of each frame, leading to framing errors.

2. Noise or interference: In asynchronous transmission, data is transmitted as a series of bits, with start and stop bits indicating the beginning and end of each frame. However, noise or interference in the communication channel can distort these bits, causing the receiver to misinterpret the frame boundaries and resulting in framing errors.

3. Clock drift: Asynchronous transmission relies on both the sender and receiver having accurate clocks to maintain synchronization. However, if there is a significant difference in the clock speeds of the sender and receiver, it can lead to framing errors as the receiver may not be able to correctly identify the start and end of each frame.

4. Improper framing settings: Asynchronous transmission requires specific framing settings, such as the number of data bits, parity, and stop bits, to be set correctly on both the sender and receiver. If these settings are not configured properly, it can result in framing errors as the receiver may not be able to correctly interpret the frame boundaries.

Overall, framing errors in asynchronous transmission can occur due to incorrect baud rate, noise or interference, clock drift, or improper framing settings. These errors can lead to data corruption and loss, affecting the reliability and accuracy of the transmitted information.