Which of the following best illustrates a direct consequence of the Social Gospel movement? a) Hundreds of settlement houses opened across the United States. b) Social Darwinists began encouraging people not to help less fortunate people. c) The Salvation Army offered different kinds of services to less fortunate people. d) Protestant Christians formed groups that opposed drinking alcohol.

Step 1: Define the Problem

Identify the key components of the question that need to be addressed: Determine which option best illustrates a direct consequence of the Social Gospel movement.

Step 2: Break Down the Problem

• Understand the Social Gospel movement: A religious movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing the application of Christian ethics to social problems.
• Analyze each option to see if it aligns with the goals and actions of the Social Gospel movement.

Step 3: Apply Relevant Concepts

• Option a: Settlement houses were indeed part of the Social Gospel movement, as they aimed to improve the lives of the urban poor.
• Option b: Social Darwinism is contrary to the Social Gospel movement, as it promotes survival of the fittest rather than helping the less fortunate.
• Option c: The Salvation Army, which provided services to the less fortunate, aligns with the Social Gospel movement's goals.
• Option d: While some Protestant Christians opposed alcohol, this was more directly related to the Temperance movement than the Social Gospel.

Step 4: Analysis, Verify and Summarize

• Option a and Option c both align with the Social Gospel movement, but the Salvation Army's direct provision of services is a clearer consequence of the movement's principles.

Final Answer

c) The Salvation Army offered different kinds of services to less fortunate people.