Which measure of central tendency is least affected by extreme values or outliers?

The measure of central tendency that is least affected by extreme values or outliers is the median.

Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. First, let's understand what measures of central tendency are. They are statistical measures that identify a single value as representative of an entire distribution. The three main measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode.

2. The mean is the average of all the numbers in the data set. It is calculated by adding all the numbers and then dividing by the count of numbers. However, the mean is greatly affected by extreme values or outliers.

3. The mode is the number that appears most frequently in a data set. But, it may not exist in all data sets and is not necessarily in the middle of the distribution.

4. The median is the middle value when the numbers are arranged in ascending or descending order. If there is an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle numbers.

5. Since the median is based on the position of numbers rather than their actual values, it is not affected by extreme values or outliers. Therefore, the median is the measure of central tendency that is least affected by extreme values or outliers.