Dramatic irony occurs when the audience (or the reader) knows more information about a character or a situation than the characters themselves know. Find an example of dramatic irony in "The Sneeze," and explain what makes it ironic.

In "The Sneeze," a play by Anton Chekhov, an example of dramatic irony occurs during the scene where the main character, Cherdyakov, sneezes on his superior, General Brizzhalov, at the theater. Cherdyakov is mortified and repeatedly apologizes to the General, who initially seems to dismiss the incident as trivial. However, Cherdyakov becomes increasingly anxious and obsessed with the idea that the General is secretly offended and that his career is in jeopardy.

Explanation of the Irony:

• Audience's Knowledge: The audience is aware that General Brizzhalov is not as concerned about the sneeze as Cherdyakov believes. The General's initial reaction indicates that he considers it a minor mishap.

• Character's Misunderstanding: Cherdyakov's escalating panic and his repeated attempts to apologize, even when unnecessary, highlight his misunderstanding of the situation. He believes the sneeze has caused irreparable damage to his reputation and career.

• Irony: The irony lies in the fact that Cherdyakov's excessive worry and attempts to rectify a non-issue actually create more discomfort and awkwardness than the sneeze itself. The audience sees the humor in Cherdyakov's overreaction, while he remains oblivious to the true insignificance of the event.

This dramatic irony underscores the theme of social anxiety and the fear of authority, common in Chekhov's works, and adds a layer of humor to the play.