Which of the following gives the Parliament powers to establish special courts for special offenses?a.Article 245b.Article 249c.Article 246(2)d.Article 246(1)

The Indian Constitution does not directly provide the Parliament with powers to establish special courts for special offenses in any of the articles mentioned. However, the Parliament can establish special courts under its legislative powers.

a. Article 245 relates to the extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States. It does not give Parliament the power to establish special courts.

b. Article 249 allows the Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national interest. It does not directly give the power to establish special courts.

c. Article 246(2) refers to the concurrent powers of Parliament and the State Legislature. It does not directly give the power to establish special courts.

d. Article 246(1) refers to the exclusive powers of the Parliament to make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I in the Seventh Schedule (Union List). It does not directly give the power to establish special courts.

However, under its legislative powers, the Parliament can pass laws to establish special courts. For example, the Parliament has established special courts through laws like the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002.