What statement best describes the effect of urbanization?

Urbanization refers to the increasing population concentration in urban areas as opposed to rural settings. This phenomenon is often attributed to various factors such as economic opportunities, better living standards, and access to services.

1. Economic Impact: Urbanization typically leads to economic growth as cities become hubs for commerce, industry, and services. This often results in job creation and improved overall productivity.

2. Social Change: As populations migrate to urban areas, social structures and dynamics tend to shift. There can be increased diversity in cultures and lifestyles, but also challenges such as income disparity and social stratification.

3. Environmental Consequences: Urbanization can lead to environmental issues, including increased pollution, habitat destruction, and strain on resources. Urban areas often face challenges related to waste management, air and water quality, and urban heat islands.

4. Infrastructure Development: To accommodate growing populations, urban areas often see significant investments in infrastructure, including transportation, housing, and public services. However, this can lead to issues like overcrowding and inadequate public services if not managed properly.

Overall, urbanization can be characterized as a complex process that impacts economics, social structures, environmental health, and infrastructure, often requiring careful planning and management to address both its opportunities and challenges.