What method of manufacturing, introduced in the early 1800s, made mass production possible?

The method of manufacturing that made mass production possible, introduced in the early 1800s, is known as the Factory System. This system revolutionized the production process by concentrating production in a singular location—factories—where workers operated machinery rather than crafting products individually at home or in small workshops.

Additionally, the introduction of Interchangeable Parts was a key element within the factory system. By standardizing parts, products could be assembled more quickly and efficiently, allowing for higher output and consistency in quality. This was famously exemplified by Eli Whitney in the production of firearms.

The factory system, alongside steam power and advancements in machine technology, significantly increased productivity and laid the foundation for modern industrial processes, ultimately shaping the economies of countries and leading to the Industrial Revolution.