difference between String a = "Selenium"; and String b = new String("Selenium"); ####

The difference between String a = "Selenium"; and String b = new String("Selenium"); lies in how these two strings are created and stored in memory.

1. String Pool vs Heap Memory:

   • String a = "Selenium"; creates a string literal. It is stored in the String Pool, a special memory area in the Java heap. If another string with the same content is created, Java will reuse the existing string from the pool instead of creating a new one.
   • String b = new String("Selenium"); explicitly creates a new String object in the heap memory, even if a string with the same content already exists in the String Pool. This means that b will always reference a new object.

2. Memory Management:

   • String literals (like a) are interned, which can lead to improved memory efficiency and performance when the same string is used multiple times.
   • The new keyword (as in b) bypasses the String Pool, resulting in more memory consumption because each instance is unique.

3. Comparison:

   • Using == to compare a and b will return false because they refer to different objects in memory.
   • Using .equals(a, b) will return true because their contents are the same.

Summary:

• a refers to a string from the String Pool.
• b refers to a newly allocated String object in heap memory.
• They have the same content but are stored differently, leading to different behaviors in memory management and comparison.