In which type of access control protocol can authentication, authorization, and accounting be used independently?a.Diameterb.LDAPc.RADIUSd.TACACS+

1. Break Down the Problem

We need to identify which access control protocol allows for authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) to be used independently.

2. Relevant Concepts

• RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial In User Service): Traditionally handles AAA as a group.
• TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus): This splits AAA functions, allowing them to work independently.
• Diameter: An evolution of RADIUS with more capabilities but still operates on the coupled AAA model.
• LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol): A directory service protocol for accessing and maintaining distributed directory information services but doesn't focus on AAA in the same sense.

3. Analysis and Detail

• TACACS+ allows for each of the AAA components to operate independently, meaning you can use authentication without necessarily using authorization, and vice versa.
• Other options, like RADIUS and Diameter, follow a more intertwined approach where the processes are connected.

4. Verify and Summarize

After analyzing the characteristics of each protocol, it's clear that TACACS+ uniquely provides the independence of the AAA services.

Final Answer

The correct answer is d. TACACS+, as it enables authentication, authorization, and accounting to function independently from one another.