What punctuation or abbreviations are used in an in-text citation?author's initialsp. for pagecomma between author and pagenone of these

In an in-text citation, the correct punctuation and usage of abbreviations can vary based on the citation style being followed (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). However, if we consider a general context, here’s how it typically works:

1. Author's Initials: In some styles, initials of the author's first name may be included, especially if multiple authors have the same last name. In APA, for example, the author's last name is followed by their initials (e.g., Smith, J. D.).

2. "p." for Page: "p." is commonly used in many citation styles to denote "page" when referencing a specific page number, such as (Smith, 2020, p. 23).

3. Comma Between Author and Page: Depending on the citation style, a comma may or may not be used between the author's name and the page number. In APA style, there is typically a comma before the page number (e.g., Smith, 2020, p. 23), but in MLA style, you might just see the page number immediately following the author's name (e.g., Smith 23).

4. None of These: This would imply that none of the above options are relevant, which would typically be incorrect for most academic citations.

In conclusion, the option that best describes punctuation or abbreviations used in an in-text citation would be "author's initials" and "p. for page".