8.What is a dominant trait with respect to height in pea plant. Give any two examples.

A dominant trait in genetics is an allele that expresses its phenotype even in the presence of a recessive allele. It essentially overshadows the contribution of the recessive allele in the phenotype.

In the case of pea plants, height is a characteristic that follows this pattern. The dominant trait is tallness. This means that if a pea plant has at least one allele for tallness, it will be tall.

Two examples of this can be seen when we cross different pea plants:

1. If we cross a homozygous tall pea plant (TT) with a homozygous short pea plant (tt), all the offspring will be heterozygous (Tt) but will express the dominant trait, i.e., all will be tall.

2. If we cross two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt), three out of four offspring will be tall (TT or Tt), expressing the dominant trait, while one will be short (tt), expressing the recessive trait.