Which of the followings is not included in the functional elements of solid waste management system..??a.open dumpingb.collectionc.disposald.generation

To identify which option is not included in the functional elements of a solid waste management system, let's break down each option:

1. Open dumping: This refers to the indiscriminate disposal of waste without any environmental safeguards. It is not considered a functional element of a well-managed solid waste system due to its negative impact on health and the environment.

2. Collection: This is a fundamental part of solid waste management. It involves the systematic gathering of waste from sources.

3. Disposal: This involves the final handling of waste, including methods like landfilling or incineration. It is a critical component of the waste management process.

4. Generation: This refers to the production of waste, which is the starting point of waste management.

Final Answer

The option that is not included in the functional elements of a solid waste management system is a. open dumping.