Data transmitted through the World Wide Web can be protected by encryption. [4 marks]Explain what is meant by encryption of data.

Understanding Data Encryption

1. Definition of Encryption: Encryption is a process that transforms data into a format that cannot be read without a decryption key. It converts plaintext (readable data) into ciphertext (scrambled data), ensuring that unauthorized users cannot access or interpret the sensitive information.

2. Purpose of Encryption: The primary goal of encryption is to maintain the confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted across the internet. It is crucial for protecting sensitive information such as personal data, financial details, and confidential communications from cyber threats.

3. Types of Encryption: There are several types of encryption:

   • Symmetric Encryption: Uses a single key for both encryption and decryption, meaning the same key must be shared between the sender and the receiver.
   • Asymmetric Encryption: Involves a pair of keys—one public key to encrypt the data and a private key to decrypt it. This method enhances security as the private key is not shared.

4. Real-world Applications: Encryption is widely used in various applications, including secure online transactions (such as HTTPS for websites), email encryption, and data storage solutions. It ensures that even if data is intercepted during transmission, it remains unreadable to anyone who does not have the decryption key.

In summary, encryption plays a crucial role in securing data on the World Wide Web by converting it into an unreadable format, thereby protecting it from unauthorized access. This technology is essential for maintaining privacy and trust in digital communications.