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When a router is powered on, where will the router first search for a valid IOS image to load by default?

Question

When a router is powered on, where will the router first search for a valid IOS image to load by default?

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Solution

When a router is powered on, it first performs a Power-On Self-Test (POST) to check its hardware components. After the POST, the router executes the bootstrap program stored in ROM. The bootstrap program then searches for a valid IOS (Internetwork Operating System) image to load. By default, the router follows a specific sequence to find the IOS:

  1. The router first looks in Flash memory for a valid IOS image. Flash memory is non-volatile, meaning it retains information even when the router is powered off or restarted.

  2. If the router doesn't find a valid IOS image in Flash memory, it then looks in TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) servers that are specified in its configuration.

  3. If the router still doesn't find a valid IOS image, it finally enters ROM Monitor (ROMmon) mode. In this mode, a minimal IOS version is loaded with limited capabilities, mainly for diagnostic purposes.

So, to answer your question, the router first searches for a valid IOS image in its Flash memory by default.

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