What are the distinguishing features among Cyclothymic disorder (cyclothymia), Bipolar Idisorder and Bipolar II disorder? How are these disorders similar?

Cyclothymic Disorder, Bipolar I Disorder, and Bipolar II Disorder are all types of mood disorders that involve fluctuations in mood from depressive lows to manic or hypomanic highs. However, they differ in the severity and duration of these mood swings.

1. Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia): This is a milder form of bipolar disorder. People with cyclothymia experience chronic fluctuating moods over at least two years, with periods of hypomania and depression. However, these symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for hypomanic or depressive episodes. The symptoms are not severe enough to be classified as Bipolar I or II, but they are noticeable and affect the quality of life.

2. Bipolar I Disorder: This is characterized by at least one manic episode that lasts at least a week or is so severe that hospitalization is required. The individual may or may not have periods of depression. The manic episodes are severe and can lead to risky behavior and even psychosis.

3. Bipolar II Disorder: This is characterized by at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but the individual has never had a full manic episode. Hypomanic episodes are less severe than manic episodes and do not cause the same level of dysfunction.

The similarity among these disorders is that they all involve periods of elevated or irritable mood, increased activity or energy, and other symptoms to a greater or lesser degree. They are all part of the bipolar spectrum and are believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. They are also chronic and lifelong conditions that can be managed with medication and therapy.