which of the following was not one of the teachings which appeared in Judaism, or at least became more prominent, after the Exile?

To address your question regarding teachings that became prominent in Judaism after the Exile, we can examine the context of Jewish history. After the Babylonian Exile (586-538 BCE), significant developments occurred in Jewish thought and practice. Teachings that gained prominence during or after this period included:

1. Monotheism: The strict adherence to the belief in one God became more pronounced, distancing Judaism from the polytheistic surroundings.
2. Importance of the Torah: The Torah became central to Jewish life, emphasizing the role of law and instruction in daily living and community identity.
3. Prayer and Worship: The notion of synagogue worship and prayer as a replacement for temple sacrifice became more established.
4. Messianism: The expectation of a Messiah who would restore Israel and bring about peace became a significant element of Jewish belief.

In identifying teachings that did not become prominent after the Exile, one might consider:

• The emphasis on ritual sacrifices, which became less central due to the destruction of the First Temple and the focus shifting towards prayer and Torah study.

The specific teaching that did not become prominent post-Exile would be the system of ritual sacrifices as a central part of Jewish worship, as this was not feasible without the Temple in Jerusalem.