Diurnal, nocturnal, seasonal and annual changes are exhibited by mainly- Abiotic factors Biotic factors Edaphic or soil factors Physical factors

To determine which factors exhibit diurnal, nocturnal, seasonal, and annual changes, let's break down the options provided and analyze them.

1. Definition of Factors:

   • Abiotic Factors: Non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems (e.g., sunlight, temperature, humidity).
   • Biotic Factors: All living components of an ecosystem (e.g., animals, plants, microorganisms).
   • Edaphic or Soil Factors: These refer to the soil characteristics that influence the types of vegetation that can grow in an area, including soil pH, composition, and moisture.
   • Physical Factors: These generally encompass abiotic components, involving elements like temperature, water, and light.

2. Analysis of Changes:

   • Diurnal Changes: These are changes that occur during the day, often related to light and temperature variations (strongly tied to abiotic factors).
   • Nocturnal Changes: These changes occur at night and can include different animal behaviors (reflecting biotic factors).
   • Seasonal Changes: This includes changes that occur over the seasons, including temperature shifts and plant life cycles (involving both abiotic and biotic factors).
   • Annual Changes: These reflect patterns that happen over a year, such as migration in animals and seasonal plant growth (involving biotic factors).

3. Final Consideration:

   • Among the options given, both abiotic and biotic factors exhibit changes related to the diurnal, nocturnal, seasonal, and annual patterns. However, the most direct influence stems from abiotic factors such as sunlight and temperature, which predominantly dictate these changes in the environment.

Final Answer

Diurnal, nocturnal, seasonal, and annual changes are mainly exhibited by Abiotic factors, as they directly influence environmental conditions that affect living organisms and their behaviors.