Evaluate the extent to which nations or groups used the memory of the First World War to advance their political objectives in the period 1918–1939.

The memory of the First World War was used extensively by various nations and groups to advance their political objectives in the period 1918–1939. Here are a few examples:

1. Germany: The Treaty of Versailles, which ended the First World War, was seen by many Germans as a harsh and unfair punishment. The memory of the war and the perceived injustice of the treaty were used by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party to stoke nationalistic sentiments and gain political power. Hitler promised to restore Germany's honor and territory, which resonated with many Germans who felt humiliated by the treaty.

2. Soviet Union: The Bolsheviks used the memory of the war to justify their revolution and the establishment of a communist state. They argued that the war was a result of capitalist and imperialist competition, and that a communist system would prevent such conflicts in the future.

3. United States: The memory of the war was used to promote isolationism. Many Americans were disillusioned by the war and its aftermath, and believed that the U.S. should avoid involvement in European conflicts. This sentiment influenced U.S. foreign policy in the interwar period.

4. Britain and France: Both countries used the memory of the war to justify their policies of appeasement towards Hitler in the 1930s. The horrific loss of life in the First World War made many people in Britain and France reluctant to confront Germany and risk another war.

In conclusion, the memory of the First World War was a powerful tool that was used by various nations and groups to advance their political objectives in the period 1918–1939. The war and its aftermath had a profound impact on the world, and the memory of the war continued to shape political developments for many years after the fighting had ended.