In beta oxidation, are electron acceptors and the activating group is the thiol group of .

In beta-oxidation, the process of breaking down fatty acids, the electron acceptors are FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) and NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). The activating group is the thiol group of Coenzyme A (CoA).

Breakdown of the Components:

1. Electron Acceptors:

   • FAD: Accepts electrons during the oxidation of fatty acids, specifically in the formation of trans-double bonds between the β and α carbons.
   • NAD⁺: Also acts as an electron acceptor, receiving electrons during the oxidation of hydroxyacyl-CoA to ketoacyl-CoA.

2. Activating Group:

   • Coenzyme A: Contains a thiol group (-SH) that plays a crucial role in the activation of fatty acids, converting them into acyl-CoA before entering the beta-oxidation pathway.

Summary:

During beta-oxidation, fats are broken down, and FAD and NAD⁺ serve as electron carriers, while the thiol group from Coenzyme A is essential for the activation of fatty acids. This process is vital for cellular energy production.