Which of the following group decision-making processes is a written approach, without meeting face-to-face, to creative problem solving?

The group decision-making process that is a written approach, without meeting face-to-face, to creative problem solving is known as the Delphi Technique.

Here are the steps involved in the Delphi Technique:

1. A problem is identified and a group of experts is selected. These experts will be the ones to solve the problem, but they will not meet face-to-face.

2. A questionnaire is sent to the experts. This questionnaire will contain open-ended questions about the problem.

3. The experts will respond to the questionnaire individually. They will provide their opinions and solutions to the problem.

4. The responses are collected and analyzed. Common and conflicting viewpoints are identified.

5. A second questionnaire is sent out to the experts. This questionnaire will contain the common and conflicting viewpoints. The experts will be asked to rank these viewpoints.

6. The process is repeated until a consensus is reached.

This technique allows for a wide range of opinions to be considered and for the experts to remain anonymous. It is particularly useful when the experts are geographically dispersed.