is a type of surface mining in which the ore deposit extends very deep in the ground, necessitating the removal of layer upon layer of overburden and ore.

The type of surface mining you are referring to is known as strip mining. This method is employed when ore deposits are located at varying depths beneath the Earth's surface. Essentially, the process involves stripping away the overburden—soil and rock layers—to expose and extract the desired mineral or ore.

In strip mining, the ore is usually found in horizontal beds, and miners dig trenches or strips, gradually moving across the area. This form of mining can be more efficient than underground mining for certain types of deposits, especially when the ore is relatively close to the surface. However, it also has significant environmental impacts, including habitat destruction, soil erosion, and pollution of nearby waterways, which are important considerations in evaluating its use.

Overall, while strip mining can be effective for resource extraction, the long-term consequences on ecosystems and local communities necessitate careful planning and regulatory oversight.