identify and describe protons, neutrons and electrons in terms of their relative charges and relativemasses

Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three main subatomic particles that make up an atom.

1. Protons: Protons are positively charged particles found within the nucleus of an atom. They have a relative charge of +1. In terms of relative mass, protons have a mass of 1 atomic mass unit (amu), which is roughly 1.67262192 × 10^-27 kilograms.

2. Neutrons: Neutrons are neutral particles, meaning they have no charge. They are also located in the nucleus of an atom. Like protons, neutrons have a relative mass of 1 amu, which is approximately 1.67492749804 × 10^-27 kilograms.

3. Electrons: Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom in what is known as electron shells or energy levels. They have a relative charge of -1. However, electrons are much lighter than protons and neutrons, with a relative mass of approximately 1/1836 amu, or about 9.10938356 × 10^-31 kilograms.

In summary, protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom and have roughly the same mass, but different charges (protons are positive, neutrons are neutral), while electrons orbit the nucleus and have a negative charge and much smaller mass.