Which place is not closely related to the Trans-Saharan trade route?a. Indiab. North African Coastc. Europed. Antarctica

The place that is not closely related to the Trans-Saharan trade route is d. Antarctica.

Here's why:

a. India - Although not directly connected, India was part of the larger global trade network. Goods from India could have made their way to the Trans-Saharan trade route through intermediary traders.

b. North African Coast - The North African Coast was directly involved in the Trans-Saharan trade route. Goods from sub-Saharan Africa were transported across the desert to the North African coast, where they were then distributed to places like Europe and the Middle East.

c. Europe - Europe was also directly involved in the Trans-Saharan trade route. European goods, especially manufactured items, were highly sought after in sub-Saharan Africa. These goods would be transported to North Africa, then across the Sahara to sub-Saharan Africa.

d. Antarctica - Antarctica, being isolated and uninhabited, had no involvement in the Trans-Saharan trade route or any other historical trade routes.