describe common mechanisms that contribute to extracranial and intracranial traumatic brain injuries, including intracranial hematomas.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can be categorized as either extracranial or intracranial.

1. Extracranial Traumatic Brain Injuries: These injuries occur outside the skull but still impact the brain. They are often caused by a direct blow to the head, such as in a fall, car accident, or sports injury. The force of the impact can cause the brain to move within the skull, leading to bruising and swelling. This can result in a concussion, which is the most common type of extracranial TBI.

2. Intracranial Traumatic Brain Injuries: These injuries occur within the skull and are often more severe. They can be caused by a penetrating injury, such as a gunshot wound, or by a severe blow to the head that fractures the skull. Intracranial TBIs can lead to a variety of complications, including intracranial hematomas.

3. Intracranial Hematomas: These are blood clots that form within the brain or between the brain and the skull. They can be caused by a rupture of a blood vessel due to the force of a traumatic impact. There are several types of intracranial hematomas, including epidural, subdural, and intracerebral hematomas. These can increase pressure within the skull, leading to serious complications such as brain damage, coma, or even death.

In summary, both extracranial and intracranial TBIs are caused by a forceful impact to the head, but they occur in different locations and can lead to different complications. Intracranial hematomas are a common complication of intracranial TBIs and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.