___ reliability coefficients are used to estimate time sampling error in test scores.a.Alternate-formb.Test–retestc.Inter-Scorerd.Split-half

Step 1: Break Down the Problem

To answer this question, we'll need to understand the types of reliability coefficients and their respective uses in the context of test scores. The options provided are types of reliability measures: Alternate-form, Test-retest, Inter-Scorer, and Split-half.

Step 2: Relevant Concepts

1. Alternate-form reliability: Measures the consistency of the results of two different forms of a test that measure the same construct.
2. Test-retest reliability: Assesses the stability of test scores over time by administering the same test to the same group on different occasions.
3. Inter-Scorer reliability: Evaluates the degree to which different raters or judges agree in their scoring.
4. Split-half reliability: Determines if two halves of a test yield similar results, indicating internal consistency.

Step 3: Analysis and Detail

The question specifically asks about estimating time sampling error, which refers to the potential variability in scores caused by administering a test at different times.

• Test-retest reliability (b) is the most relevant in this context because it directly assesses how reliable scores are across different testing occasions, providing insights into time sampling error.

Step 4: Verify and Summarize

Given the definitions and purposes of the provided options, the most suitable reliability coefficient for estimating time sampling error in test scores is b. Test–retest.

Final Answer

The correct answer is b. Test–retest.