Explain the evolution of HPC and HTC systems to realize cloud computing with a neat diagram.06

High Performance Computing (HPC) and High Throughput Computing (HTC) have evolved significantly over the years to realize cloud computing. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. Early Days of Computing (Pre-1980s): In the early days, mainframe computers were used for large-scale computations. These were expensive and not easily accessible.

2. Advent of HPC (1980s - 1990s): HPC emerged as a solution to perform large-scale computations more efficiently. HPC systems were designed to solve complex problems by dividing them into smaller tasks that could be processed simultaneously. This was achieved through parallel processing, where multiple processors worked together to solve a problem.

3. Emergence of HTC (Late 1990s - Early 2000s): HTC systems were developed to handle tasks that were not necessarily complex but required a long time to process due to their volume. HTC systems were designed to handle a high volume of tasks by processing them sequentially over a long period.

4. Evolution of Grid Computing (Early 2000s): Grid computing emerged as a form of distributed computing, where resources from multiple locations were used to solve a problem. This was a step towards making computing resources more accessible and affordable.

5. Realization of Cloud Computing (Late 2000s - Present): Cloud computing is the culmination of these developments. It combines the principles of HPC, HTC, and grid computing to provide on-demand access to computing resources. In cloud computing, resources are hosted on the internet and can be accessed and shared by multiple users.

Here's a simple diagram to illustrate this evolution:

Mainframe Computers
         |
         V
High Performance Computing (HPC)
         |
         V
High Throughput Computing (HTC)
         |
         V
Grid Computing
         |
         V
Cloud Computing

In this diagram, each arrow represents the evolution from one stage to the next. The vertical flow shows the progression from the use of standalone mainframe computers to the distributed, internet-based model of cloud computing.