Which of the following conditions is not usually caused by a heritable mutation? Sickle cell anemia Leber's amaurosis       Muscular dystrophy Lung cancer

Breakdown the Problem

1. Identify the conditions listed: Sickle cell anemia, Leber's amaurosis, Muscular dystrophy, Lung cancer.
2. Assess which of these conditions typically arises from hereditary mutations as opposed to environmental or other factors.

Relevant Concepts

1. Heritable Mutations: These are genetic changes that can be passed from parents to offspring.
2. Sickle Cell Anemia: Caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene (autosomal recessive).
3. Leber's Amaurosis: A genetic disorder leading to blindness, usually caused by mutations in genes related to retinal function.
4. Muscular Dystrophy: A group of diseases caused by mutations in genes necessary for muscle function, often inherited.
5. Lung Cancer: Generally influenced by environmental factors (such as smoking) and may have genetic predispositions, but is not primarily caused by hereditary mutations.

Analysis and Detail

1. Sickle Cell Anemia: Heritable condition due to mutation in the β-globin gene on chromosome 11.
2. Leber's Amaurosis: Most cases are hereditary, often due to mutations in one of several genes necessary for photoreceptor function.
3. Muscular Dystrophy: Involves genetic mutations that are inherited, commonly X-linked (Duchenne muscular dystrophy).
4. Lung Cancer: While genetics can play a role, it is predominantly associated with lifestyle and environmental exposure, making it less hereditary.

Verify and Summarize

The question asks for the condition least likely caused by heritable mutations. Lung cancer, while it may have some genetic factors, is primarily linked to environmental influences like smoking.

Final Answer

Lung cancer is the condition that is not usually caused by a heritable mutation.