Phenol CH ClZn dust Alk KMnOAnhy AlClX Y Z  The product 𝑍 is(a) toluene (b) benzaldehyde (c) benzoic acid (d) benzene

To determine the product $Z$ from the given reaction sequence, we need to analyze each step closely.

1. First Reaction:

   • The first step involves the reaction of phenol ($\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}$) with zinc chloride ($\text{ZnCl}_2$). This typically leads to the formation of a phenol zinc complex.

2. Second Reaction:

   • The utilization of alkali permanganate ($\text{KMnO}_4$) is a strong oxidizing agent, which can oxidize the benzene ring. In the case of phenols, it can convert the hydroxyl group to carbonyl or carboxylic acid depending on reaction conditions.

3. Final Reaction:

   • Finally, the reaction with aluminum chloride ($\text{AlCl}_3$) leads to Friedel-Crafts acylation if a carbonyl group is present. If earlier oxidation led to aldehyde, we would expect benzaldehyde ($\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{CHO}$) as the product.

Now, analyzing the potential products:

• (a) Toluene is not formed in this sequence as no methylation occurs.
• (b) Benzaldehyde could be formed if phenol is oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde.
• (c) Benzoic acid could also form under strong oxidative conditions, but the presence of $\text{AlCl}_3$ suggests we are more inclined toward the formation of an aldehyde.
• (d) Benzene is unlikely since the path indicates substitution rather than elimination of functional groups.

Final Answer

The product $Z$ is likely (b) benzaldehyde.