What is composite material? Classify and describe different composite materials

A composite material is a material that is created by combining two or more different types of materials, each with its own separate properties, in such a way that the composite material has different characteristics from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. The new material may be preferred for many reasons: common examples include materials which are stronger, lighter, or less expensive when compared to traditional materials.

Composite materials can be classified into three main categories:

1. Fiber-Reinforced Composites: These are made up of fibrous materials embedded in a matrix. The fibers provide strength and stiffness to the composite, while the matrix (usually a plastic) binds the fibers together and transfers stresses between them. Examples include fiberglass, carbon fiber composites, and natural fiber composites.

2. Particulate Composites: These are composed of a matrix material filled with a second phase in the form of particles. The matrix holds the particles together and distributes loads to them. Concrete (cement mixed with sand and aggregate) is a common example of a particulate composite.

3. Laminated Composites: These are made by stacking layers of different materials and bonding them together under pressure and heat. The resulting composite has the combined properties of the individual layers. Plywood (layers of wood veneer) and carbon fiber laminates are examples of laminated composites.

Each type of composite material has its own unique properties and uses, depending on the characteristics of the individual components and how they are combined.