Particulates can be removed from smokestack emissions by which of the following methods?

Particulates can be removed from smokestack emissions by several methods:

1. Electrostatic Precipitators: These work by applying an electric charge to the particles in the smokestack. The charged particles are then attracted to plates of the opposite charge, where they stick and can be removed.

2. Fabric Filters: Also known as baghouses, these work like a vacuum cleaner bag, trapping particles as the gas passes through.

3. Wet Scrubbers: These use a liquid, often water, to capture and remove particles. The gas is forced through a scrubbing solution, which can also neutralize certain pollutants.

4. Cyclone Separators: These use centrifugal force to separate particles. The gas is spun rapidly, causing the heavier particles to be thrown out to the sides where they can be collected.

5. Gravitational Settling Chambers: These allow the gas to slow down and cool, causing the heavier particles to settle out by gravity.

Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the best choice depends on the specific circumstances, including the type and amount of particulates, the characteristics of the gas, and environmental and economic considerations.