Sedimentary rocks form when sediment is deposited and then solidifies. This process is called:

The process by which sedimentary rocks form is known as "lithification." Lithification involves the compaction and cementation of sediment particles that have been deposited over time. Here’s a brief overview:

1. Sediment Deposition: Sediments, which can consist of minerals, organic matter, and other particles, accumulate in layers in various environments such as riverbeds, lake bottoms, and ocean floors.

2. Compaction: As more layers of sediment accumulate on top, the weight compresses the underlying layers, causing the particles to pack tightly together.

3. Cementation: Minerals precipitate from groundwater and fill the spaces between the compacted sediment particles, binding them together and forming solid rock.

This process transforms loose sediments into solid sedimentary rock, which can take thousands to millions of years to occur.