______ ______ observes network traffic to recognize devices based on the signals they emit or receive.

The term that fits in the blanks is "Network Monitoring". Network monitoring observes network traffic to recognize devices based on the signals they emit or receive. This process involves analyzing the data packets transmitted over a network to identify patterns, discrepancies, or any unusual behavior.

Network monitoring tools can capture various types of traffic data, such as bandwidth usage, the number of devices connected, and the types of applications in use. By doing this, administrators can effectively manage network performance, enhance security, and ensure that resources are allocated efficiently. It also aids in troubleshooting network issues by pinpointing the source of the problem.

Monitoring can be done in real-time or through historical data analysis, providing insights into both current conditions and trends over time, ultimately contributing to better network management strategies.