Which process is typically not required in experimental research? Controlling variables. Making observations. Collecting references. Manipulating results.

To determine which process is typically not required in experimental research, let’s analyze each option provided.

1. Controlling Variables: This is a fundamental aspect of experimental research. Researchers control variables to ensure that the results are due to the experimental conditions rather than other factors. Hence, this is required.

2. Making Observations: Observations are crucial for gathering data about the effects of the experimental treatment. Researchers need to observe the outcomes carefully. This process is necessary for valid experiments.

3. Collecting References: While reviewing literature and gathering references is important for understanding the context and background of the research, it is not a direct part of the experimental process itself. It aids in designing the experiment but does not involve the execution of the experiment.

4. Manipulating Results: This is a practice that is considered unethical in research. Researchers should report findings as they are, without manipulation. However, manipulating results is not a required part of any legitimate experimental research.

Based on this analysis, the process that is typically not required in experimental research is Collecting References.