differentiate between gigantism and acromegaly with their sign and symptoms2. how dwarfism occurs

1. Gigantism and Acromegaly:

Gigantism and acromegaly are both conditions that result from an overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. However, they occur at different stages of life and have different effects on the body.

• Gigantism: This condition occurs in children or adolescents before the growth plates have closed. The excess growth hormone causes the child to grow in height significantly more than their peers, leading to an abnormally tall stature. Other symptoms can include large hands and feet, facial changes (such as a protruding jaw or enlarged nose), joint pain, and thickened skin.

• Acromegaly: This condition occurs in adults after the growth plates have closed. Instead of increasing height, the excess growth hormone causes the bones and tissues to thicken. This can lead to enlarged hands and feet, facial changes (such as a protruding jaw or enlarged nose), joint pain, skin changes (such as thick, oily, or sweaty skin), and can also affect internal organs, leading to serious health problems if not treated.

2. Dwarfism:

Dwarfism is a condition characterized by short stature, typically resulting from a genetic or medical condition. Most forms of dwarfism are caused by a genetic mutation that affects bone growth. The most common type, achondroplasia, is a genetic condition that affects the growth of the long bones in the arms and legs.

Symptoms of dwarfism can include a shorter than average height, shorter limbs compared to the torso, a larger head with a prominent forehead, and possible joint or back problems. Some forms of dwarfism can also lead to other health issues, such as breathing or hearing problems.

It's important to note that people with dwarfism have normal intelligence and lifespan. The condition only affects their physical growth.