Applications of Thin-film composite membranes is/are___ Batteries fuel cells Both (a) and (b) None of the above

Thin-film composite membranes are highly versatile materials employed in various applications due to their selective permeability and efficiency. The options suggest applications in batteries and fuel cells. These membranes can play crucial roles in both contexts:

1. Batteries: In energy storage, thin-film membranes can separate components or phases, influencing ion transport and overall cell efficiency.

2. Fuel Cells: These membranes are critical in fuel cells, particularly in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, where they facilitate the movement of protons from the anode to the cathode while acting as a barrier to gases.

Given that thin-film composite membranes effectively serve in both batteries and fuel cells, the correct answer to the question is:

Final Answer:

Both (a) and (b)