. Which kind of functional testing is typically performed by humans rather than through automation? Unit testingUsability testingSmoke testing

Break Down the Problem

1. Identify the different types of functional testing mentioned: Unit Testing, Usability Testing, and Smoke Testing.
2. Determine which type typically requires human evaluation and judgment.

Relevant Concepts

1. Unit Testing: This is a type of testing focused on individual components or functions of software, often automated.
2. Usability Testing: This involves human participants interacting with the software to assess its user experience and ease of use.
3. Smoke Testing: This is preliminary testing to check the basic functionality of the software, often automated but can involve human oversight.

Analysis and Detail

1. Unit Testing: It is primarily automated, as it involves running code to validate that each part of the application is functioning as intended.
2. Usability Testing: Requires real users to interact with the software and provide feedback based on their experience, making it a testing type largely performed by humans.
3. Smoke Testing: While it can be automated, it may still involve human verification to ensure critical functionalities are working.

Verify and Summarize

After analyzing the types of testing, it is clear that while unit and smoke testing can often be automated, usability testing is fundamentally focused on human interaction and feedback.

Final Answer

Usability testing is the kind of functional testing typically performed by humans rather than through automation.