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The rate-determining step in an E2 (bimolecular elimination) process is the formation of the transition state where both the base removes a hydrogen atom (β-hydrogen) and the leaving group departs from the substrate in a single concerted step. In this process, the rate of reaction is dependent on the concentrations of both the substrate and the base, which is why it is classified as a second-order reaction.

In E2 reactions, the geometry is essential; the β-hydrogen and the leaving group must be anti-coplanar for optimal overlap of orbitals, promoting efficient elimination. The energy barrier associated with this concerted mechanism accounts for the specificity of substrates and bases used, as sterics and electronics play a significant role in the transition state's stability.

The key takeaway is that the E2 mechanism proceeds through a single rate-determining transition state that encompasses all bonds forming and breaking simultaneously.