Explain the following terms.i) Spcific speed (ii) Run away speed (iii) Degree of reaction

i) Specific speed: Specific speed is a term used in fluid dynamics to describe the characteristic speed of a pump or turbine. It is defined as the speed at which a geometrically similar impeller would operate if it were of unit size and running at unit head. Specific speed is typically denoted by the symbol Ns and is calculated using the formula Ns = (N * √Q) / H^(3/4), where N is the rotational speed of the impeller, Q is the flow rate, and H is the head.

ii) Runaway speed: Runaway speed refers to the maximum speed at which a rotating machine, such as a turbine or motor, can operate without experiencing any mechanical failure or damage. It is the speed beyond which the machine's components, such as bearings or shafts, may become unstable or fail due to excessive centrifugal forces or other factors. Runaway speed is an important parameter to consider in the design and operation of rotating machinery to ensure safe and reliable operation.

iii) Degree of reaction: Degree of reaction is a term used in the analysis of turbomachinery, such as turbines and compressors, to describe the distribution of energy transfer between the fluid and the rotor. It is defined as the ratio of the change in fluid kinetic energy to the change in fluid enthalpy across the rotor. The degree of reaction can range from 0 to 1, where 0 represents a purely impulse turbine or compressor, and 1 represents a purely reaction turbine or compressor. The degree of reaction affects the performance and efficiency of the turbomachinery and is an important parameter in their design and optimization.