Zoonoses Definition:
Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be naturally transmitted between animals (usually vertebrates) and humans. The causative agents can be bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.

Classification of Zoonoses Based on the Usual Reservoir Host:

1. Anthropozoonoses: These are diseases that are primarily maintained in animals but can be transmitted to humans. Examples include rabies and Lyme disease.

2. Zooanthroponoses: These are diseases maintained in humans but can be transmitted to animals. An example is tuberculosis in cattle, which can be caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium that primarily affects humans.

3. Amphixenoses: These are diseases that are maintained in both animals and humans and can be transmitted in either direction. An example is salmonellosis, which can be caused by various Salmonella species found in both humans and animals.

4. Cyclozoonoses: These are diseases that require more than one vertebrate species for the completion of the life cycle of the pathogen. An example is the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, which requires both dogs (definitive host) and sheep (intermediate host).

5. Metazoonoses: These are diseases that require a vector for transmission between vertebrates and humans. The vector is usually an arthropod like a mosquito or tick. Examples include malaria and Lyme disease.

6. Saprozoonoses: These are diseases that require both a vertebrate host and a non-animal development site or reservoir (like soil or plant material). An example is histoplasmosis, a fungal disease that can affect both humans and animals and is associated with bird and bat droppings in the soil.

Each of these classifications helps in understanding the dynamics of the disease and in devising strategies for its control and prevention.

Question

Zoonoses Definition:
Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be naturally transmitted between animals (usually vertebrates) and humans. The causative agents can be bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.

Classification of Zoonoses Based on the Usual Reservoir Host:

1. Anthropozoonoses: These are diseases that are primarily maintained in animals but can be transmitted to humans. Examples include rabies and Lyme disease.

2. Zooanthroponoses: These are diseases maintained in humans but can be transmitted to animals. An example is tuberculosis in cattle, which can be caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium that primarily affects humans.

3. Amphixenoses: These are diseases that are maintained in both animals and humans and can be transmitted in either direction. An example is salmonellosis, which can be caused by various Salmonella species found in both humans and animals.

4. Cyclozoonoses: These are diseases that require more than one vertebrate species for the completion of the life cycle of the pathogen. An example is the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, which requires both dogs (definitive host) and sheep (intermediate host).

5. Metazoonoses: These are diseases that require a vector for transmission between vertebrates and humans. The vector is usually an arthropod like a mosquito or tick. Examples include malaria and Lyme disease.

6. Saprozoonoses: These are diseases that require both a vertebrate host and a non-animal development site or reservoir (like soil or plant material). An example is histoplasmosis, a fungal disease that can affect both humans and animals and is associated with bird and bat droppings in the soil.

Each of these classifications helps in understanding the dynamics of the disease and in devising strategies for its control and prevention.

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