People who develop the application programs need not know the physical schema of the database. True False

The statement is True.

Application programmers typically work at a higher abstraction level and interact with databases through application programming interfaces (APIs) or database management systems (DBMS) that shield them from the underlying physical schema. They primarily need to understand the logical schema and the way data is structured, which the DBMS handles dynamically based on its physical schema. This separation of concerns allows developers to focus on application logic without needing to manage the complexities of physical data storage, indexing, or data retrieval mechanisms employed by the database.

Thus, while knowledge of the physical schema can be beneficial for performance optimization, it is not a necessity for developing application programs.