tudents should be able to explain the terms:• gamete• chromosome• gene• allele• dominant• recessive• homozygous• heterozygous• genotype• phenotype

Sure, here are the explanations for the terms:

1. Gamete: A gamete is a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote. In humans, the male gametes are sperm and the female gametes are eggs.

2. Chromosome: A chromosome is a thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.

3. Gene: A gene is a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring. They are made up of DNA.

4. Allele: An allele is one of two or more versions of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome. Alleles can be dominant or recessive.

5. Dominant: A dominant allele is one that is expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is present. The presence of one dominant allele will mask the effect of a recessive allele.

6. Recessive: A recessive allele is one that is expressed in the phenotype only when two copies are present. If a dominant allele is present, it will mask the effect of the recessive allele.

7. Homozygous: Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene. This can be either homozygous dominant (both alleles are dominant) or homozygous recessive (both alleles are recessive).

8. Heterozygous: Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene, one dominant and one recessive.

9. Genotype: The genotype is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait. It is the genetic makeup of an individual.

10. Phenotype: The phenotype is the physical expression, or characteristics, of that trait. It is the physical and physiological traits of an individual, which are determined by its genetic makeup and environmental influences.