According to Bandura, what are the four essential components of children’s learning?

According to Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory, there are four essential components of children's learning:

1. Attention: The child needs to pay attention to the behavior and its consequences. This is influenced by characteristics of the model, such as how much the child identifies with the model, and by characteristics of the behavior, such as its complexity.

2. Retention: The child needs to remember the behavior they have observed. This involves the child forming a mental representation of the behavior.

3. Reproduction: The child must be physically and intellectually capable of reproducing the behavior. This often involves a degree of trial and error as the child improves their performance with practice.

4. Motivation: The child must want to reproduce the behavior, and believe that doing so will lead to a positive outcome. This is influenced by whether the child has seen the model rewarded or punished for the behavior (vicarious reinforcement), and by the child's expectations about the consequences of their own behavior.