What is the function of seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and the prostate gland?

The seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and the prostate gland all play crucial roles in the male reproductive system, specifically in the production and maintenance of semen.

1. Seminal Vesicles: These are a pair of glands located near the bladder that produce about 60% of the fluid that makes up semen. The fluid from the seminal vesicles is rich in fructose, which provides energy for the sperm to move and survive. It also contains other substances that help to protect and nourish the sperm.

2. Prostate Gland: The prostate gland is located below the bladder and surrounds the urethra. It contributes about 30% of the fluid in semen. The fluid it produces is slightly alkaline, which helps to neutralize the acidity of the vaginal tract, prolonging the lifespan of sperm. The prostate gland also helps to propel semen into the urethra during ejaculation.

3. Bulbourethral Glands: Also known as Cowper's glands, these are two small glands located near the base of the penis. They produce a clear, slippery fluid that is released before ejaculation. This fluid helps to lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass through, and neutralizes any acidity that may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra.