In Maslow’s hierarchy needs which of the following pair of needs is ranked as” lower order needs”?

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the "lower order needs" are typically considered to be the physiological needs and the safety needs.

1. Physiological Needs: These are the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food, and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met.

2. Safety Needs: These needs include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health care, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment.

These two categories are considered lower order because they are essential for survival and must be met before individuals can move on to fulfill their higher order needs, which are social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization.