What are the  main causes of dam failures ? Foundation problemsWell-planned ConstructionInadequate SpillwayUneven Settlement

The main causes of dam failures include:

1. Foundation Problems: This refers to issues with the base structure of the dam. If the foundation is not strong enough to support the weight of the dam and the water it holds, it can lead to a failure. This can be due to poor construction, use of inappropriate materials, or geological issues like earthquakes.

2. Poorly Planned Construction: If the dam is not properly designed or constructed, it can lead to failure. This includes factors like not considering the volume of water the dam will hold, the pressure it will be under, or the natural conditions of the area.

3. Inadequate Spillway Design: The spillway is a crucial part of a dam, designed to let out excess water to prevent overflow. If the spillway is not adequately designed to handle the maximum possible flood, it can lead to dam failure.

4. Uneven Settlement: After a dam is built, it settles into its foundation. If this settlement is uneven, it can cause structural problems that lead to failure. This can be due to issues with the foundation, or with the materials used in the dam's construction.